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Designating a header row in Word
Heather Caprette
Tables can be used to layout information that has a two way relationship, or tabular data. Information that has a two-way relationship is found in grading rubrics, evaluation information and course schedules.
In HTML, header table cells are read by a screen reader before a corresponding data cell to tell the user what the data is and give it meaning. In HTML, a screen reader will read both column headers and row headers. The column headers are in the rows above the data columns. A row header would be found in a column on the far left typically. In a rubric table layout, a column header cell might read as “exemplary performance” and the data cell under it would read, “makes an original post and replies to at least two classmates in the discussion.” The row header for this may read as “participation.” An example of this is below.
Discussion Rubric
Criteria Exemplary Performance Satisfactory Performance Needs Improvement
Participation Makes an original post and replies to at least two other classmates in the discussion. Makes an original post and replies to one other classmate in the discussion. Makes an original post but doesn’t reply to others within the discussion.
Relevance The posting directly addresses key issues, questions, or problems related to the text and the discussion activity. The posing applies course concepts well. The posting addresses key issues, questions, or problems related to the text and the discussion activity, but in some cases, only indirectly. It does not always apply course concepts fully. The posting does not directly address the question or problem posed by the discussion activity.
Insight The posting offers original or thoughtful insight, analysis, or observation that demonstrates a strong grasp of concepts and ideas pertaining to the discussion topic. The posting does offer some insight, analysis, or observation to the topic but may not demonstrate a full understanding or knowledge of concepts and ideas pertaining to the discussion topic. The posting does not offer any significant insight, analysis, or observation related to the topic. No knowledge or understanding is demonstrated regarding concepts and ideas pertaining to the discussion topic.
Support The posting supports all claims and opinions with either rational argument or evidence. The posting generally supports claims and opinions with evidence or argument, but may leave some gaps where unsupported opinions still appear. The posting does not support its claims with either evidence or argument. The posting contains largely unsupported opinion.
In the Row tab, check the box next to “Repeat as a header row across the top of each page.” See a screen shot of this option outlined in a thick red box below.
With table setup, it’s best to keep tables simple. Avoid blank cells if possible and merged cells. Screen readers read linearly, from left to right and top to bottom, row by row. It helps to keep this in mind when setting up a Word table.
Listen to the movie tutorial on how to format a simple table, with closed captioning (opens in new tab)
Also, avoid combining information that should be spread across more than one table. If you merge and/or color cells to create a visual separation from different content, JAWS may not read the information in an order that makes sense to a screen reader user. The following example is from a real table setup I’ve seen in a course. It’s one table that combines what should have been an “Evaluation Methods” table and a separate “Grading Scale” table.
Listen to JAWS reading tables which never should have been merged.
Best Practices In Accessible Online Design
Heather Caprette
Tables can be used to layout information that has a two way relationship, or tabular data. Information that has a two-way relationship is found in grading rubrics, evaluation information and course schedules.
In HTML, header table cells are read by a screen reader before a corresponding data cell to tell the user what the data is and give it meaning. In HTML, a screen reader will read both column headers and row headers. The column headers are in the rows above the data columns. A row header would be found in a column on the far left typically. In a rubric table layout, a column header cell might read as “exemplary performance” and the data cell under it would read, “makes an original post and replies to at least two classmates in the discussion.” The row header for this may read as “participation.” An example of this is below.
Criteria Exemplary Performance Satisfactory Performance Needs Improvement ParticipationMakes an original post and replies to at least two other classmates in the discussion.
Makes an original post and replies to one other classmate in the discussion.
Makes an original post but doesn’t reply to others within the discussion.
RelevanceThe posting directly addresses key issues, questions, or problems related to the text and the discussion activity. The posing applies course concepts well.
The posting addresses key issues, questions, or problems related to the text and the discussion activity, but in some cases, only indirectly. It does not always apply course concepts fully.
The posting does not directly address the question or problem posed by the discussion activity.
InsightThe posting offers original or thoughtful insight, analysis, or observation that demonstrates a strong grasp of concepts and ideas pertaining to the discussion topic.
The posting does offer some insight, analysis, or observation to the topic but may not demonstrate a full understanding or knowledge of concepts and ideas pertaining to the discussion topic.
The posting does not offer any significant insight, analysis, or observation related to the topic. No knowledge or understanding is demonstrated regarding concepts and ideas pertaining to the discussion topic.
SupportThe posting supports all claims and opinions with either rational argument or evidence.
The posting generally supports claims and opinions with evidence or argument, but may leave some gaps where unsupported opinions still appear.
The posting does not support its claims with either evidence or argument. The posting contains largely unsupported opinion.
Listen to the movie tutorial on how to format a simple table, with closed captioning (opens in new tab)
Also, avoid combining information that should be spread across more than one table. If you merge and/or color cells to create a visual separation from different content, JAWS may not read the information in an order that makes sense to a screen reader user. The following example is from a real table setup I’ve seen in a course. It’s one table that combines what should have been an “Evaluation Methods” table and a separate “Grading Scale” table.
Listen to JAWS reading tables which never should have been merged.
Chi Nhánh Công Ty Tnhh Mtv Vinadesign
Trademark là những ký hiệu để phân biệt sản phẩm dịch vụ hoặc của chính một công ty này với sản phẩm/dịch vụ của một công ty khác.
Dùng TM khi nhãn hiệu đó chưa được hoặc không được bảo hộ nhưng chủ sở hữu muốn dùng biểu tượng đó như một nhãn hiệu và khẳng định quyền của mình đối với nhãn hiệu đó để cảnh báo bên thứ 3 không nên xâm phạm.
TM không có nghĩa rằng đó là một nhãn hiệu đã được bảo hộ, do vậy nếu nhãn hiệu nào đã được bảo hộ mà gắn TM vào sẽ khiến người khác mặc định đó là nhãn hiệu chưa được bảo hộ.
Một số cá nhân/tổ chức sử dụng ký hiệu SM thay cho TM, ký hiệu này được hiểu giống như ký hiệu TM, nhưng SM có nghĩa là (Service Mark – Nhãn hiệu dịch vụ), khi dùng SM thì người ta hiểu nhãn hiệu đó là nhãn hiệu dùng cho nhóm dịch vụ chứ không phải là nhóm hàng hóa. *Nhiều quốc gia phân ra Nhãn hiệu hàng hóa và Nhãn hiệu dịch vụ.
Ký hiệu này có hàm ý thương hiệu đã đăng ký bảo hộ với cơ quan nhà nước, vì vậy trong các trường hợp, thương hiệu đã được đăng ký thì sử dụng ký hiệu này để thông tin cho người tiêu dùng biết là thương hiệu đó đã được pháp luật bảo hộ. Nếu chưa được bảo hộ mà dùng ký tự này là sai.
Đây là ký hiệu dùng để tuyên bố đối tượng đó đã được bảo hộ độc quyền, nghiêm cấm tất cả mọi tổ chức, cá nhân sử dụng một sản phẩm, dịch vụ hay một ý tưởng nào đó nếu chưa được sự đồng ý của chủ sở hữu.
Khác với Trademark và Registered chỉ sử dụng trong lĩnh vực kinh doanh, Copyrighted áp dụng cho tất cả những nơi có sự xuất hiện của sáng tạo, của tác giả, của người tạo ra tác phẩm/ ý tưởng/ thông tin…
Nếu sử dụng sai biểu tượng?
Phân biệt các ký hiệu ®, ™, SM và © đi kèm thương hiệu, Ý nghĩa kí hiệu TM,R,C,SM trong logo
Mặc dù Luật VN không quy định nó là gì, được sử dụng ra sao, nhưng lại quy định sử dụng sai sẽ bị phạt (!).
Cụ thể, theo Điều 6 Nghị định 99/2013/NĐ-CP, vi phạm quy định về chỉ dẫn bảo hộ quyền sở hữu công nghiệp quy định:
1. Phạt cảnh cáo hoặc phạt tiền từ 500.000 đồng đến 1.000.000 đồng đối với một trong các hành vi sau đây: a) ….. b) Chỉ dẫn sai về tình trạng pháp lý, phạm vi bảo hộ quyền sở hữu công nghiệp; c) ….
2. Biện pháp khắc phục hậu quả: a) …. b) Buộc cải chính công khai đối với hành vi vi phạm quy định tại Điểm a, Điểm b Khoản 1 Điều này; c) ….
Như vây ở điểm b được hiểu là chế tài cho việc sử dụng sai các ký hiệu này và ghi các chỉ dẫn như: “nhãn hiệu đã được đăng ký bảo hộ độc quyền”, “nhãn hiệu đã được bảo hộ”, “nhãn hiệu thuộc độc quyền của… ” dù chưa được bảo hộ. Cụ thể sẽ bị phạt hành chính bằng tiền và áp dụng biện pháp khắc phục hậu quả như trên.
Ielts Vocabulary: Academic Words And Practice
IELTS academic test is widely accepted in English countries. Its score is one of the keys to university or college admission. This 4000 IELTS vocabulary is to help you own a strong words list in future IELTS academic test.
In all English tests, vocabulary level is an essential factor in evaluating language ability; IELTS has no exception. All test sections rely on strong vocabulary to succeed. However, IELTS academic word list isn’t an accurate or exact word set. If you search on the Internet, you can see many vocabularies called IELTS academic vocabularies.
So the first step is to choose one right IELTS vocabulary for your circumstance: Does this one match with your case?
It’s a quick view of Group 1. If you are interested in other groups (2-17) of this IELTS vocabulary, watch them at YouTube.
If you think it matches with your case, you should study its words. It’s long but deserves to spend time. Besides, we remind you this list is based on IELTS general vocabulary. As academic test-takers, IELTS general vocabulary is the foundation, which you shouldn’t ignore.
Last but not least, you should know that building vocabulary takes lots of time, and its result plays a crucial factor in the final score. We hope this word list can assist you in building IELTS academic vocabulary. If you cannot set your goal or doubt your plan, go to the IELTS Official Website, which will help you make a right decision.
2 Alternative Solutions:
If you doubt whether this 4000 IELTS Academic Vocabulary is the right option, this section gives you some alternative methods and vocabularies.
Study a word list isn’t a unique way to enrich IELTS vocabulary, and this 4000 vocabulary isn’t the only list either. If you have half or one year to prepare, there are some other options to accumulate IELTS vocabulary. 20 Ways to Build IELTS Vocabulary introduces some proven ways.
Alternative Vocabularies – Writing and Speaking
However, if your time frame is very tight, or this 4000 vocabulary is relatively tough, you have to get a more flexible and practical substitute to work. Pick up a dictionary by random to prepare IELTS test isn’t a good idea. Your effort and reward both depend on the current level.
For those who want to sharpen IELTS writing vocabulary, this 4000 words list seems large. Instead, IELTS Writing Task Vocabulary collects words and phrases for task 1 and task 2: describing graph and table, linking sentences, and a short but hard writing vocabulary.
If speaking test is your shortage, enhance speaking vocabulary from 100 IELTS Speaking Words will strengthen your confidence to face examiners.
Alternative Vocabularies – Smaller Word Lists
Students with separate levels or situations may choose differently. Some like a shortlist because time matters; others prefer to learn difficult and large vocabulary in order to pursuit a high score. We do know this 4000 IELTS vocabulary cannot cover all test takers’ cases, for those who are looking for lighter or smaller lists, 10 Popular IELTS Vocabularies may give some clues.
Two of them possibly you are interested. If you are studying for IELTS general training test, 4000 IELTS General Words List is a better choice.
If your schedule is very tight, or you just need a passed score, suggest to view 500 IELTS Vocabulary, a short but proven academic vocabulary for students who are in English countries.
DIY – PDF of IELTS vocabulary
May I have PDF file of this IELTS vocabulary? Yes, there are two ways to make your own PDF file based on ‘4000 IELTS Academic Words List’.
The first is to run Print Vocabulary in PDF directly. This app can load all vocabularies of this website, including ‘4000 IELTS Academic Words List’, filter and edit words, and create PDF by browsers. It’s a free and handy tool to make your IELTS vocabulary PDF file.
If you need more flexible tools, we suggest to consider a more generic method as Download IELTS Vocabulary PDF. Leveraging other free Internet PDF makers, you can produce a PDF file of this IELTS vocabulary in a few minutes.
Ebook of IELTS vocabulary
Some students prefer to use Ebook to study and review IELTS vocabulary, however, we didn’t publish an Ebook that exactly matches with this vocabulary. We do have two Ebooks for other IELTS vocabularies. The basic level IELTS 1200 Words in 30 Days is a great one to start. You can get it from Apple iBook, Google Books, Amazon Kindle, or other stores.
To challenge a higher score, you have to build a stronger vocabulary. In this case, the 4000 IELTS Words deserves to have a try. You can get it from Amazon Kindle or other Ebook distributors.
Below are quick links to Amazon Kindle‘s IELTS vocabulary Ebook.
Go to Word List by Group:
Select Vocabulary Group:
Words of Group 7 (Part of words, select list to view all.):
5 Demonstrate word list style:
accurate: a. Syn. precise; correct capable of providing a correct reading or measurement; performing with care and precision
accuse: v. Syn. blame; condemn blame; condemn
achievement: n. Syn. feat; accomplishment feat; accomplishment; award for completing a particular task or meeting an objective
acknowledge: v. Syn. recognize; admit declare to be true or admit; express obligation, thanks
acquaintance: n. personal knowledge or information about someone or something
acquire: v. Syn. obtain; gain gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system
6 Word meaning matching – Test words you know:
7 Interactive spelling – Check your spelling skill online:
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